Reading 技巧 · 7 分鐘讀

True / False / Not Given
判斷法

CC English IELTS Reading DSE Paper 1 通用
一分鐘重點
  • TRUE：文章資訊同句子一致，字眼可以唔同。
  • FALSE：文章寫明相反嘅內容，兩句唔可能同時成立。
  • NOT GIVEN：文章冇呢方面嘅資訊，證實唔到亦否定唔到。
  • 句子將文章講得更「盡」（may → does、一個城市 → 所有城市），而文章冇否定，係 NOT GIVEN，唔係 FALSE。

你唔係讀唔明篇文，
你係分唔清 False 同 Not Given。

一位學生 Reading 本來係 40 幾分，後來考到 56 分。佢話轉捩點係學識咗 True / False / Not Given 原來有方法做，命中率高咗好多；之前自己盲目咁溫，完全冇方法。

呢篇將個方法完整拆俾你：官方定義、三步判斷法、五個常見陷阱，每個陷阱都附一條原創例題。

官方定義：三個答案各自代表乜？

IELTS 試卷上嘅指示係咁寫：

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

TRUEif the statement agrees with the information

FALSEif the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVENif there is no information on this

答案即係
TRUE句子同文章提供嘅資訊一致。字眼可以唔同，意思一定要相同。
FALSE句子同文章互相矛盾，即係文章寫明咗相反嘅內容。
NOT GIVEN文章冇呢方面嘅資訊，既證實唔到，亦否定唔到。

IDP 指出，False 同 Not Given 最大嘅分別，係 False 可以被證明：文章入面有證據。

同 Yes / No / Not Given 有咩分別？

T/F/NG 問嘅係文章提供咗咩資訊；Y/N/NG 問嘅係作者本人點睇、主張咩。ielts.org 形容前者考你辨認文章嘅具體資訊，後者考你辨認意見同想法。做 Y/N/NG 時，文章引述其他人嘅講法（例如 critics argue…），唔等於作者同意，要搵返作者自己嘅立場。

三步判斷法

第一步：定位

圈出句子入面最難被改寫嘅字：人名、地名、年份、數字、專有名詞，再用佢哋喺文章搵返相關嘅一至兩句。

T/F/NG 嘅資訊次序同題目次序一致（IDP），所以第 3 題嘅依據，通常喺第 2 題同第 4 題之間。

第二步：比意思，唔好比字眼

換字、詞性轉換、主動改被動，唔會改變答案。真正會改變答案嘅，係以下四個「邏輯位」：

邏輯位文章可能寫句子可能改成
語氣強弱may / suggest / likelydoes / proves / will
範圍in one city / one groupall cities / everyone / only
因果is linked tocauses
時間was / used tois / still

第三步：順住問兩條問題

  1. 文章係咪表達咗同一個意思，而且句子每一部分都有依據？係 → TRUE
  2. 文章有冇一句同句子唔可能同時成立？有 → FALSE
  3. 兩條都答「唔係」→ NOT GIVEN
核心原則：「講得更盡」唔等於「矛盾」。句子將文章升級成更強嘅講法，而文章冇明確否定，就係 NOT GIVEN。只有文章直接否定（寫明 had no effect、not all、no longer）先係 FALSE。
Regular walking may reduce stress.

句子：Regular walking reduces stress.
NOT GIVEN兩句可以同時成立。

如果文章寫：Regular walking had no effect on stress.
FALSE兩句唔可能同時成立。

自我檢查：假設句子係真，文章嗰句仍然成立得到嗎？成立得到，就唔係 FALSE。

五個常見陷阱（附原創例題）

以下五個係我哋教 Band 5.5–6.5 學生時最常見嘅失分位。官方冇公布陷阱出現嘅頻率，呢個係教學經驗。

陷阱 1：對字眼，唔對意思

只搵一模一樣嘅字：字眼唔同就揀 NOT GIVEN，字眼相同就揀 TRUE。

In a 2021 survey of twelve European cities, researchers compared street temperatures on summer afternoons. Streets lined with mature trees were as much as 4°C cooler than similar streets with no tree cover. The team attributed most of this difference to shade, rather than to the moisture that leaves release into the air.

句子：The researchers believed that blocking sunlight did more to cool the streets than adding moisture to the air.

TRUEblocking sunlight 係 shade 嘅改寫；研究團隊將「大部分」溫差歸因於遮蔭而唔係水分，即係遮蔭嘅作用較大。文章冇 blocking sunlight 或 did more 呢啲字，但意思完全一樣。

陷阱 2：用常識答

句子喺現實好合理，就揀 TRUE，但文章根本冇提過。

In 2022, a medium-sized city in northern Europe replaced its paper parking permits with a smartphone application. According to the city council, the change cut administration costs by nearly a third within the first year, largely because staff no longer needed to print, post and process paper forms.

句子：Some older residents found the new parking application difficult to use.

NOT GIVEN文章淨係講行政成本，完全冇提過用戶嘅使用經驗。「長者唔慣用手機程式」係常識推想，唔係文章資訊。IDP 亦提醒：答呢類題只可以用文章提供嘅資訊，唔可以用自己已有嘅知識。

陷阱 3：睇漏絕對字

忽略 all、only、always、never，其他字眼對得上就揀 TRUE。

Many desert plants store water in thick, fleshy leaves or stems, which allows them to survive months without rain. Not every species follows this pattern. Some develop extremely long roots that reach water several metres underground, while others survive drought only as seeds, germinating quickly when rain finally arrives.

句子：All desert plants depend on water stored in their leaves or stems to survive dry periods.

FALSE文章寫明 Not every species follows this pattern，仲列出另外兩種方法，直接否定咗 All。

提提你：絕對字只係提示你要核對範圍，本身唔係答案。如果文章淨係寫 Many desert plants store water…，之後冇任何一句提到例外，就冇證據否定 all；按上面嘅核心原則，我哋會判 NOT GIVEN。

陷阱 4：語氣被升級

文章用 may、suggest 表示「可能」，句子改成肯定句，考生當 TRUE；或者見到文章有保留，就誤揀 FALSE。

Several small trials suggest that a four-day working week may improve employee well-being without lowering productivity. Most of these trials lasted less than a year and involved office-based companies that chose to take part. Economists therefore warn that similar results cannot be assumed in sectors such as manufacturing or healthcare.

句子：Working four days a week improves employees' well-being.

NOT GIVEN文章淨係講 may improve，冇肯定「會改善」；經濟學家嘅提醒係「唔可以假設」，唔係「冇改善」。升級咗但冇被否定，所以係 NOT GIVEN。如果文章寫 the trials found no improvement in well-being，答案先係 FALSE。is linked to → causes 屬同一類升級，判法一樣。

陷阱 5：讓步句

Although、While、Despite 帶出嘅前半句只係讓步，作者真正嘅結論喺後半句。考生喺前半句見到關鍵字就停手。

Although the decline of a coastal seabird colony was at first blamed on overfishing, a five-year study has pointed to a different cause. Researchers found that fish stocks near the colony had remained stable, while rising sea temperatures had pushed the birds' main prey into deeper water beyond their diving range.

句子：The study showed that overfishing caused the seabird colony to shrink.

FALSEoverfishing 只喺讓步部分出現，代表「最初嘅睇法」；主句話研究搵到另一個原因，而且魚群數量穩定。句子同研究結果直接矛盾。

常見問題

Not Given 同 False 點分？

FALSE 係句子同文章矛盾，文章入面有證據否定佢；NOT GIVEN 係文章冇呢方面嘅資訊，證實唔到亦否定唔到。實用測試：假設句子係真，文章嗰句仍然成立得到，就唔係 FALSE。

可唔可以用常識答 True / False / Not Given？

唔可以。IDP 明確指出，答呢類題只可以用文章提供嘅資訊，唔可以用自己已有嘅知識。句子喺現實就算係啱，文章冇提就係 NOT GIVEN。

搵唔到答案，就揀 Not Given？

唔一定。NOT GIVEN 嘅意思係「文章冇呢方面嘅資訊」，唔係「我搵唔到」。IDP 建議先試判斷 TRUE 或 FALSE，NOT GIVEN 留到最後。實際做法：用前後兩題嘅位置收窄範圍，將範圍內嘅句子完整讀一次，確認冇處理句子嘅核心意思，先揀 NOT GIVEN。如果文章淨係提到句子嘅一部分，但嗰部分已經同文章矛盾，答案仍然係 FALSE。

True / False / Not Given 題目次序同文章次序一致嗎？

一致（IDP）。但唔係所有題型都係：ielts.org 指 Summary、Note、Table、Flow-chart Completion 嘅答案未必跟文章次序。

句子字眼同文章完全唔同，都可以係 TRUE？

可以。題目通常會改寫原文，判斷嘅係意思，唔係字眼。先圈出句子嘅關鍵字，再諗佢哋嘅同義詞或者其他講法（見陷阱 1）。

參考資料：ielts.org：Academic Reading 題型　IDP：A closer look at True, False, Not Given　IDP：N is for Not Given　IDP：Decoding Yes, No and Not Given
本文所有練習短文及例句均為 CC English 原創。

延伸閱讀：由大到細閱讀法　考試真正考緊嘅三種能力

Next Step

識分 False 同 Not Given，
下一步係讀懂成篇

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